Hydrocephalus in Children: Diagnostic Imaging and Radiological Characteristics

Agenda

The Patient

Macrocephaly in Infant or Child

DDx of Macrocephaly

DDx of Macrocephaly (cont’d)

Workup of Macrocephaly

Narrowed DDx for our Patient

Pathophysiology of Hydrocephalus

CSF Circulation & Ventricular System

Epidemiology

Symptoms of Hydrocephalus in Infants

Signs in Infants

Symptoms in Children

Signs in Children

Classifications of Hydrocephalus

Congenital Hydrocephalus

Congenital Causes

Acquired Causes

Communicating Hydrocephalus

Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus

Fetal Diagnosis of Ventriculomegaly

Postnatal Diagnosis

Structural characteristics of hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus v. Cerebral Atrophy

Hydrocephalus v. Cerebral Atrophy

Plain Films and Hydrocephalus

Ultrasound and Hydrocephalus

Normal Ultrasound

Normal Ultrasound

Normal Ultrasound

Normal Ultrasound

Normal Ultrasound

Normal Ultrasound

Normal Ultrasound

Abnormal Ultrasound

Abnormal Ultrasound

Abnormal Ultrasound

Abnormal Ultrasound

Abnormal Ultrasound

Abnormal Ultrasound

Abnormal Ultrasound

Comparison of Ultrasound Sections

Comparison of Ultrasound Sections

CT/MRI Findings in Acute Hydrocephalus

CT/MRI Findings in Acute Hydrocephalus (cont’d)

CT/MRI Findings in Chronic Hydrocephalus

Periventricular Interstitial Edema

Periventricular Interstitial Edema

Computed Tomography and Hydrocephalus

CT

CT

CT

Comparison of CTs at Similar Levels of Section

CT

Patient 2: MRI and Hyrdocephalus

MRI

MRI

Comparison of MRIs at Similar Levels of Section

MRI

Comparison of MRIs

Patient 3: MRI

Comparisons of MRIs

Shunts

Shunts

Common Shunt Complications

Patient 4 Shunt Series

CSF Shunt Scintigraphy

References

References (cont’d)

Acknowledgements